Apprentice Digital Video Production Producer (Letter)

For this piece of coursework I was presented with a Job application which i was not happy with. I will be writing a letter back to express my views on the letter and let them know why i am not so happy with this job application.

Letter:

Dear Flipside Media,
I am writing in return to a job application I have found online as "Apprentice Digital Video Production Producer". The main reason I am writing this letter is thou i feel you have infringe some legal and ethical issues while advertising the job.

I would like by firstly arguing about the amount of hours and the salary describe in the job application. I feel as you should have a specific number of working hours describe instead of just saying "between 10- 45 hours per week (variable)". This type of information should be listed down on the applicants contract instead of just being advertised alongside with the job application. The salary comes under the same case, it does not specifically tells the salary. the job application it says that the salary varies between "£15000 - £35000 per annul", this is very broad and not ethically acceptable. How can I ensure that another employee is doing less hours than I am however is getting payed more than I am. It this was to be the case you would be infringing the pay equality act.
The second topic i would like to discuss is the type of person you are looking for. As I read the application i found a section where it says "looking for male/female aged bellow 30". I find it very offensive this has been listed down as this can be seen as age discrimination. Again you went against the equality act in the work placement. This is a job role in which the employee will not be in front of the camera so age should not really matter. This should be an open job application as you can find people above age 30 with more experience in the job than some people bellow age 30.
The more I read the application the more offended i felt as once again i came across another discrimination. It is listed that you are only looking for people who religious is Christianity. Once again this is discrimination towards other religions. By saying this you are going against the law which protects not only people who belong to traditional organized religions such as as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism, but also others who have sincerely held religious, ethical and moral beliefs.
Further down the application I found myself reading a section in which it tells me to produce a "short documentary" on rape to children in high school. Firstly I do not feel safe as I am not an employee yet and I am told to produce a piece of work in which i may come across many risk and hazards and as I am not employed yet my health and safety is not protected by the contract or the employer. I am told to "interview teenagers and other individuals who might have been affected by the topic". This leaves me in a position in which I would have to give all the students a minor release form for their parents to sign and I am not provided with these forms. Another reason I do not feel comfortable in doing this documentary is due to the children being a "vulnerable consumers". The main audience for the documentary you have asked to make are children from high schools, these children are age bellow 16, due to their age and lack of understanding they might feel a little intimidated by the camera.
With more reading I came across a section where i was also very disappointed with. The application is telling me to include "female victims and male offenders". I think it is not right to do this as this will be a representation of saying only males are offenders and only females are victims. This has a real social concern has it is not always the case. Another section which really disgusted me was when i read about re-enactments and dramatizations. This is really concerning simply because we are talking about a young audience age bellow 16, it would not be appropriated to show obscene scenes of rape to such a young audience. After that I was then told to use a "popular music soundtrack". In order for me to do this I would need approval from the singer otherwise this would be considered as copyright. Getting an approval cold take a while due to all the process.
Lastly I came across a sentence which quoted "you must not apply for other positions of this nature". I think this is exclusivity and very unfair. I am simply an applicant to the job role, I do not have a place guaranteed yet in your business and i think it is very unfair for a person to just depend in only one job application.

Contracts, Confidentiality &Exclusive clauses

When you are given a place in your job area you will come across "contracts". These are legal agreements between two or more persons. The contract is like a promise to do something in return for a valuable benefit known as consideration. These considerations will relate o your own terms of employment. So before signing a contract it is important to read and understand all the agreements you are making.
Every contract has its small section in which will outline the most important bits and will check for understanding to ensure you are provided with the right information about your contract. In media confidentiality clauses and exclusive clauses are one of the most common in the media and film industry.

Confidentiality clauses- Simply a section of the contract in which states that everyone working in a certain area or project should keep all the information private and safe from others. It should not be said to no one else outside that area.

Exclusive clauses- This is another section on the contract which employees will be signing. By signing this bit of the document the signer is completely restricted in selling or promoting only the merchandise or services provided by the parent company-period. In simple words the seller cannot pursue an offer from another potential buyer for a period of time.

Employment Legislation 

The Equality Act (2010) -  

This law pretty much does what it says. It makes sure everyone at the work placement has equal opportunities.This is a legal law in which protects people from any problem or discrimination in their work placement. This law was made simple to cover 3 equality law all together. The equality act 2012 covers the sex discrimination act 1975, race relations act 1976, disability discrimination act 1995.
To find more information about the equality act check this online website, https://www.gov.uk/discrimination-your-rights/types-of-discrimination .  

Employers liability -

The employers liability act 1969 ensures employers have an insurance to cover any injury or illness to the employees.

Employees rights -

Every work placement has a law in which protects all the employees or people working in a sort of work placement. All employees have the right to be safe at work. This is when the health and safety act comes in. This is the employers responsibly to ensure employees are safe at work place. In order to this they should be presented with the right equipment, right work environment, right training, and also be presented with a risk assessment whenever doing undertaking a task.
Workers also have their own responsibility to ensure they meet the requirements in order for their protection.

Media Job Roles Booklet

Media ownership and funding

Ownership

Public service Broadcasting (PSB)

These are TV programmes which are directly broadcast to the public benefits and not just for commercial benefits. One common example of this can be the BBC. The programmes that are broadcast include news, arts programmes and religious broadcasts. The public service broadcasting is not funded by the government.  There are other channels that also have PSB regulation however they are not the as PSB regulated as the BBC. For example the ITV also offers a few hours of religious programs every week.
Ofcom's regulations mean that certain TV and radio broadcasters are obliged to include a specific amount of public service broadcasts as part of their licence to broadcast.


Commercial Broadcasting

Commercial broadcasting is all based on money, it exists to make profit. Pretty much this type of broadcast sells its audience to advertisements. This type of broadcasting is normally privately owned corporate media as opposed to state ownership. This is one of the most dominant mode of broadcasting in the UK.
Example of commercial broadcasting can be Channel 4 and also I.T.V and many more.




Corporate and Private Ownership
These two are really different ownerships. Corporate ownership is listed as a public company and private ownership is owned by an individual. Corporate ownership involves the creation of a legal identity separate from those of its owners. While an individual may own all the shares of a corporation, he or she is not personally responsible for it. Having two different types of ownerships (corporate and Private) may lead to firms trying to make high profit due to completion. This will lead to no interest from the public.
Global companies
This is when a firm is involved with business in different countries instead of just one. The firm is making profit in more than one country. Global companies are there to market products to larger audience and exploiting tax differences.
Here are some examples of global companies (not specifically media related):

Concentration of Ownership
This simply refers to the amount of stock owned by an individual investor. We tend to think because there are so many channels there is a big diversity the media, however that is not the case. Six companies own 90% of the world media.
This is good in a way because it simply cuts of competition between companies (monopolisation).
Synergy - (cross platforms / support / advertising)


Vertical integration (owning stuff in different sectors)

This is when a firm owns stuff in different sectors. A company owns other companies in all other sectors of media industry. For example the company owns the Exhibition, the distribution and also the production. The reason this is done is to keep all the profit in a single company.
An example of this would be "Warner Brothers".





Horizontal Integration/monopolization
This is kind of similar to vertical integration but instead the company would buy other rival company in the same sector. A common example of this would be Disney buying Pixar studios to prevent competition.

Sources of Funding

The Licence Fee
TV's licence is the best way for a person to pay for what they are viewing on their TVs. The fee will cover a wide range of TV channels, radio and online content. The licence fee is good way of funding for many companies. An example of this would be the BBC. They receive most of their incomes which rounds to 3.7 billion, from costumers paying an annual fee of £145.50 to view programmes on their TVs. This fee is set by the British Government and agreed by Parliament.

Subscription
Subscription is a kind of win win situation, it simply is add on channels where costumers will pay in order for the channel to be broadcasted.  To view these channels you must be prepared for extra monthly bills. Common example of this would be the Sky Sports and Sky Movies.

One-off payment to own product


These would be free viewing box sets. An example of this could be a blu ray. They simple allow the users to view a certain amount of free viewing channels for only one purchase.







Pay per View

This service works by the costumers paying an extra single fee on top of their monthly fee in order to access a specific programme once each payment. There are all sorts of things people tend to pay per view. The most common ones are latest movies, sports, concerts and adult contents. A common example of a sporting event that is pay per view is wrestling.



Sponsorship


 Sponsorship means to support someone or something financially or through a provision of products. Sponsorship in media is when a programme is sponsored by a manufacture. For example "Coronation Street" which is sponsored by "Compare the Market".









Advertising
Advertisements is also used as a way of funding for some channels. This is done by buying the audience through adverts. The numbers of audience bought will depend on how many viewers the channel has and also the spending power of the audience. Two channels that commonly use adverts as a funding method are ITV and Channel 4.
Here is an old example of advertising (Fairy Liquid)

Product Placement
Product placement is when the company decides to place the product inside the text. Sometimes the product can also be found in films for promotional values. A common example of a film with lots of products placement would be "James Bond". In all the films collection he has done all sorts of product placements varying from transports, watches and drinks.
An example of a watch product placement from James Bond:


Private Capital
This is simply a private investment. It is when individual investors raise money for themselves. This has no external funding. These sorts of investments will usually require a load of paper work in order to secure the funds.

Crowd-funding



This is normally the kick starter. It is another way of raising your finances but this is done in a different form. This is done by asking a small amount of finance to a large number of people from the crowed.






Development Funds
This is a financial aid given in some countries for certain film production. An example of this would be the BFI, lottery funding for new film makers. They use the lottery to support those who are developing films in their productions and distribution.

Other
As you can see there are many ways of funding for productions. There are more ways other than those listed above. For example you can also be funded by "banks". The way this would work is by asking for a loan from the bank. Another method of funding could be your own "private investor". This would work by simply investing your own money shares.

Careers Handbook

Here is a list of 5 skills I would be able to take with me to a job backed up with some examples to support it.

1. Organised - I always keep my work area clean and tidy.
                     - Always save my works on the correct folder.
                     - Also I always have with me the right and appropriated material for the specific job.

2. Communication skills - I have done a couple of presentations in college for my class and for different classes.
                                        - I have also given tours around the college in the open days for the new students and their parents.
                                        - I am also able to speak more than one language.

3. IT skills - I can use Premiere Pro for editing.
                  - I am quite good at making presentations in different sources either than just PowerPoint.
                  - I have passed my ECDL and was awarded with a certificate.
                  - Also am able to create and run online surveys.

4. Team work - I have done plenty of class work, for example creating short films in media.
                       - I have represented a variety of sport clubs, (Football, rugby, table tennis, athletics, basketball and volleyball).

5. Independent - I am able to do individual work if needed.
                         - Since I have moved out and started living alone I have learned to be more independent.

Skills and qualifications:
Part time - Part time can be seen in many ways but the meaning of part time is when something you are doing could be work or studying, carries less hours than it normally would in a full time. I currently do not have any apart time job or courses going on.

Full time - This is the opposite of apart time. This is when you are doing something for a longer period of time. For example I am currently studying in college full time. I do more than 18 hours a week of college.

GCSE -GCSE is short for general certificate of secondary education. This is an academic qualification normally awarded to students at their age of 14-16. However other ages can also take this qualification if they do not already have it.
I have taken a few subjects and have been awarded with some GCSE grades varying from D to A*.
Biology - D     Chemistry - D     Physics - D     Statistic - D     English - C     Maths -  C     Science - C P.E - C     Portuguese - A*

As and A level - These are an academic qualification offered by educational bodies in the United Kingdom. This is a general certificate of education advanced level.
I also have a few As courses which I have taken in college and have been awarded with a certificate.
Use of maths - D     Health and Social Care - E     Applied Science - D    

Level 2, 3 & 4 - These are a BTEC form of qualification. BTEC simply stands for business and technology education council. As the level increases in BTEC the better the qualification will be.
In my first year of college I took a BTEC level 2 course which I was then awarded with a distinction for it. This was BTEC Web design.

In BTEC you are not graded like A levels and GCSE's, for BTEC the qualifications will be awarded as a Pass, Merit or Distinction.

A "pass" is simply acknowledging that you possess knowledge enough to be graded acceptable and move on.

A "merit" shows that you put forth more effort and were more prominent than other students in a class.

A "distinction" is basically an honour that shows that you went above and beyond the call of duty (so to speak) and succeeded where few others have.

Vocational - Again this is another source of qualification, however this qualifications are work related qualifications. They are all sorts of qualification other than GCSE's A Level's and BTEC's.
I do not have any of these qualifications yet.

Bachelor of - This is a degree earned for an undergraduate course which normally takes 3 to 5 years of studying. These types of degrees are normally earned at university and I am not quite there yet.

Master of - A Masters degree is an academic qualification awarded to individuals who successfully demonstrate a higher level of expertise in a particular field of study. Again these types of degrees are normally earned at university and I am not quite there yet.

Undergraduate - An undergraduate degree is your first degree. It's a course of study that gives a thorough grounding in a field or subject and usually takes three years of full time studying to complete.

Postgraduate - A postgraduate degree allows you to further explore a subject to attain a high level of proficiency, with an opportunity for independent study. Postgraduate degrees can be taught courses or research based. Taught courses usually take one year's full time study to complete after which you get awarded a Masters degree based on your subject of study.

Jobs in media area I think I am best suited for:

1. Editing assistance (Animation) - supporting the editor and editing department, including logging the audio and visual material received, loading it into the computer and keeping detailed records. No degrees are needed in order to get a place.

2. Games Artist - Creates the visual elements of a fame, such as characters, scenery objects, vehicles, surface texture and clothing. Most artists in the games industry possess a degree or HND in an art subject, such as fine art, graphic design or illustration.

3. Actor - Their job is to bring the script to life by acting and performing on stage/camera. Actors normally work across television, theatre, film and radio. To be an actor specific skills and training are required.

Methods of recruiting

National press- The National press club is a form of recruiting in media. National press is used as a form of advertisement. The advertisement is made to attract the best and most suitable candidates which would then be offered a realistic job preview.

Trade press - This is another method of recruiting from advertisement. Trade press is done from journals, newspapers and magazines. An example of this is the "Televisual magazine", launched in 1982, is a magazine for everyone in TV, film, commercials and corporate production.

Internet - Can also be a way of recruitment and advertising jobs using online wesites/pages. This can be done by using social media webpages such as "facebook, twitter, blogs etc. Also there are webpages created specifically to advertise jobs. An example of this would be "Fish For Jobs" online website made specifically to find jobs.

Trade fairs - Another method of recruiting, however this one is done by trade shows and trade exhibitions. They are organised so different companies can "showcase and demonstrate their latest products, service, study activities of rivals and examine recent market trends and opportunities". Trade fairs is also open to the public and also they normally offer recruitment opportunities.

Word of mouth - This is another way you could find job or be recruited. The way word of mouth works is by a certain person you know telling and giving you information about the available job. The person would give you details and contacts of the employer in order for you to get in touch.

Personal contacts & networking - This method of recruiting is one of the easiest way for you to get the job. This is when you have a family member, a really close or even someone you know in the industry where you want to work getting you a place for the job. This will put you at a better position to get the job then other employees.

Internal promotion - This method of recruiting involves the employer posting the details of the job and opening times, then inviting people interested in the job but with the right qualifications to come apply for the job place.



Portfolio/e-portfolio - This is a collection of evidence of a persons skills and abilities. It also can show the persons effort and progress. A portfolio is paper based documents. E-portfolio is electronic based evidence showing the persons ability and understanding. This can vary from images, hyperlinks, blog entries, etc.

Showreel - This is a short footage in a CD-Rom or DVD containing footages of a certain person at his/hers previews job. This footage normally lasts from two to six minutes. The showreel is sent alongside with the cv and cover letter to help the employer with his decision of employment.

Personal Website - This is a world wide webpage created by an individual containing his own taste. These websites can be used as information based websites or even entertainment based website.

Presentation skills

Interviewing skills - This is when you can haply be open minded and speak wisely to the interviewers about a specific topic (job related). A Great thing to do in an interview is to speak nice and clear. This will show understanding and confidence. All employers are looking for a really confident employee. Something you don't want to do is to ask about the salary before you are offered one. This is because it will show a selfish desire for the money instead of interest for the job. Also never be late for an interview.

Presentation Skills - This is when you present your self firmly and organised. While doing a presentation always keep eye contact and use a variety of sources to keep the viewers interested. You should also include images and videos on your presentation. One thing you should not do in a presentation is to face back to the audience or keep reading of the board/presentation.

Self-presentation :
                            - Linguistic codes - This is the communication skills between you and the interview. Once again you should always speak clearly and try to use posh words instead of slangs. Always pay attention to what the interviewer has to say back and never interrupt him.
                            - Dress code - This is the way you look when attending an interview. The best way to present yourself is by showing up dressed smartly and clean. Do not dress clothes that need ironing.
                            - Interpersonal skills - This is how you present yourself as in personality. Always be friendly and polity. You should also pay attention to your body language so it does not intimidate the interviewer. You should not chew or eat during the interview. You should always listen to the interviewer without interrupting him.

References - This is a source of information from a person who can attest your skills, abilities and qualifications. You should have at least 4 references from someone who knows you well enough to put up a fight for you. For example a teacher or an old employer. You should never depend on your parents, family or friends as a reference.


Training on the job and continuing professional development- This simply means making sure you are up to date on all of your work.

Self training - This is when you are studying and learning things yourself. Meaning you are pretty much teaching yourself.

Sources of information:
                                     - Trade unions - These are the rights and interest of workers. They are there to protect the workers from exploitation and ensuring they are getting paid fairly and have a decent working condition.
                                     - Sector skills councils - These are the ones responsible for the development of skills and workforce of all those who are employed. Their main purpose is to "reduce skills gaps and shortages, improve productivity, increase opportunities for all the individuals in the workforce and improve learning supply".
                                     - Careers service - This is a service which provides people with plenty of information, advice and guidance which will benefit you in future to help you make decisions on learning, training and working opportunities.

Opportunities I have had in the courses that I am currently studying to develop my functional skills:

                                                               Opportunities for functional skills
                                         English                   Maths                             ICT                 
Subjects Studying   

1. Media                  - Coursework      - Calculating percentages     - Using blogger, prezi & photoshop


2. Applied Science - Coursework      - Calculating results for experiments - Word, Powerpoint, Excell

Cover Letter

38 King Street

Great Yarmouth

NR30 2AR

June 12 2014

70 Weston Street

London

SE1 3OH

Dear Sir/Madam

I am writing in response to your advertised vacancy in the internet as a trainee cameraman and video production. I do not have a full experience in media industry but I believe with my ability to learning quickly and develop my skills, would be effective and useful in your industry. I have a few basic knowledge from my BTEC Media course which I can start by applying from day one. My ability of strong efficient individual worker but always happy to help and accept help from other staff member makes me a perfect choice to this position.  I am an open minded person who is always satisfied to talk about technology. I try to have the latest technology to keep me updated with all the new software and programs to ensure I have a better work outcome.

Thank you for your time.

I am looking forwards to hear from you.

Your faithfully,

Luis Carlos Moreira Barbosa


 

Understand developing technologies in the television and film industries

Consumer Products- These are products that are bought by an individual for his own private common or daily use.
Now a days there are loads of technology use at home. This is good in a way because it is useful to everyone to have technology at home, especially for those who are interested in the media industry and would like to learn and progress their skills.
The most common technologies used at home are "cameras, smartphones, tablets, computers/laptops. The use of some of these technologies enable users to use editing programmes such as Premier Pro, Adobe Photoshop, Sony Vegas Pro and many others.

Satellite- These are wireless based technology that delivers information in form of sound or image. In our homes satellites delivers television programmes directly to our televisions at home. The sound is delivered to our homes TV/radio by a sound satellite called satellite dishes. These are a sort of antennas. Satellites work by catching signals from satellites that are orbiting the earth.
Satellites dishes work by picking up signals that come from a satellite orbiting the earth. First the programming source will send signals to the satellite in the outer space, this will then be pick up by DBS provider broadcaster centre. Once the DBS has read and process the signals it will immediately send these back into another satellite in the outer space which will rebroadcast the picked up stations back into earth. These stations are then picked up by the dishes at our homes so we can then watch our favourite programmes.
Advantages - It can be cheap compare to things such as terrestrial links. It is available at rural and urban areas and it also provides a good movie, picture and sound quality alongside with hundreds of channels to choose from.
Disadvantages - The signal quality can be affected by the weather. Bad weather can lead to no signal what so ever. It can turn out more expensive if you want to rebroadcast all the stations to various TV in the house. Equipment must be purchased, set up, and installed properly.

Cable- This is a system where television programmes are transmitted to the sets of subscribers by cable rather than by a broadcast signal.
The advantage of having a cable is that you can access the channels from as many rooms as you want much easier. Also by using a cable the image and sound quality will be much better than without it.
The disadvantage of the cable is that it has a certain length which may not cover the whole of the house. The cable also has a limited access in rural areas.

Analogue- This is an old form of signal which is still used but not as much as digital. This type of transmission involves "the broadcasting of encoded analog audio and analog video signal". The brightness and image colours of the points in the image and the sound waves of the audio signal are represented by rapid variations of some aspect of the signal. This gives a poorer quality to a digital signal.




Digital- This form of signal is more common in the modern world. The reason digital television is used more is because it is a superior format that delivers better pictures and sound. It uses the broadcast spectrum more efficiently and adds versatility to the range of applications. The advantage of digital television is that the compression on the signal allows more information to be stored in which gives a higher imagine definition and a clearer image quality. Also with the help of technology we can now use our controls to record, pause, fast-forward and rewind the programmes.

Internet- The internet is much like the postal system. The internet is a global network of computer that allow you to send one another small packets of digital data in a fraction of seconds.
The internet had a big impact on the TV and film industry. This is because with the development of internet people were able to illegally download films and television content from the internet using online pages such as Pirate Bay. This kind of action is seen as film piracy.
In order to fight these illegal downloads TV and film companies brought out different legal ways in which the consumer could watch films. There are legal online services such as Lovefilm and Netflix which allows viewers to watch films legally from home.



Interactive- The television has became very interactive with many peoples life. It is said that at least 1 quarter of a persons "waking life" is spent in front of a TV. Interactive TV involves the use of what we call a "return path". This is when information is allowed to flow from the broadcaster to the viewer and also from the viewer to the broadcaster.
Here is three reasons why people tend to talk about interactive TV:

T-commerce: You will be able to buy a pizza without dialing a phone.

Interactive Goodies: You will be able to pause live TV or record shows. You will be able to click on advertisements to “find out more”.

Click stream Analysis (“telegraphics”).

 

Advantages - It is fun, you learn more about current issues, it saves time as you can do many things by just sitting on the couch and use the remote control. It makes costumers much happier as it facilitates everything.

Disadvantages - It is slower than using internet on a pc so many people would rather use a pc instead, there is a chance of identity theft as there is no high security. Too much interaction with TV may lead to lack of interaction with other people (antisocial).

High Definition- This gives us an image with a resolution much higher then the standard definition. High definition uses more pixels than normal to make up an image on screen to give it a better quality and a more clearer and visible image.
There are many ways to ensure you are getting the best quality images you want. For example we now have equipment such as HD cameras to record top images, HD projectors used at cinemas and elsewhere, HDMI cables used for blue rays, DVD and game consoles, and also we have HD televisions.

Advantages - It gives a better quality image for you to see and prevent eye damage. It also gives out a better sound quality. More pixels of colours available providing a better clarity. The use of widescreen shows image in a 16:9 ratio rather than 4:3 ratio.
Disadvantages -  To purchase the HD equipment can be very expensive. If a problem occurs the cost to fix will also be quite high.


3D- When talking about 3D I immediately think stereoscopy vision. This is when two separated images are shown simultaneous. One image will represent the left eye and the other will represent the right eye. The way this is done is simple, two cameras are setup side by side when recording. They will both be recording 2D images but when edited they will represent each eye which then gives the viewers an impression that they are having more interaction with what is happening on the TV (footage).

Advantages - It gives out a 3D impression image which can be quite an adventure for the viewers. Makes watching films/programmes much fun and also playing video games very exciting.
Disadvantages - Again to purchase the equipment for a 3D image can be very expensive. Glasses for the TV must be used. If damage to the equipment the repair cost will also be very high. You will need a Blue-ray and 3D discs.




Pay Per View- This is another method for the viewers to watch television and their favourite programmes at home. This method as also became quite used and popular. The reason this is done is to give the viewers more choices of watching their favourite films and programmes, for example if a user does not want to get sky sport however he wants to watch a particular football match. He would pay separately to have that one match view.

Advantages - It is more flexible for the users as they can pick from what to watch. It normally saves money as you will not be paying for the complete package.
Disadvantages - Extra fees will be added to the monthly fee. Programmes will not always be available when you want to watch them.

On-Demand Viewing- This system allows the viewers to catch up on programmes/films they have missed. This lets them select specific programmes to watch whenever they have time instead of waiting to watch a specific programme/film when its being broadcasted. With on demand TV you can easily catch up on missed programmes up to seven days.

Advantages - You can easily skip the adverts by fast forwarding them. People are able to watch their favourite programmes when they have time instead of making time to watch their programmes when its being broadcast.
Disadvantages - Again the cost for this package will be slightly expensive than normally.

Streaming Content- Streaming content refers to content which is being presented to the audience as its happening, simply meaning that the content delivered to the end-user is being streamed live. The way streaming content works is by having a camera in which the media will use for the recording, an encoder which will digitize the content, "a media publisher, and a content delivery network to distribute and deliver the content" to the end users.

Advantages - A good advantage of streaming content is that most contents are ad-free, meaning you will not have to watch adverts while streaming content. Another advantage of this is that it lets you watch your contents whenever you want and wherever you have internet connection. It also has the advantage of always providing you with a good quality in comparison to some contents you may find illegally on the internet.
Disadvantages - The biggest advantage of this is that you need a internet connection, and ensure the internet connection is strong so content works fine. Another disadvantage is that contents you access may not always be up to date, it could be an old content.

Digital Recorders- Digital TV recorders are similar to normal video recorders, they do the same job. They allow you to record programmes of your choice to watch whenever you would like to.
Types of digital TV recorders - Hard drive digital TV recorder and DVD digital recorder.

Advantages - By recording the programmes you are allowing the media to fit into your time schedule. Meaning you can watch your favourite programmes whenever you have time. Another advantage is that you can pause, rewind and fast-forward the recorded contents. This also leads to the advantage of skipping adverts.
Disadvantages - The hard drive space is limited. May lose some content has hard drive is not meant for permanent storage or even a crash of hard drive may lead to all files loss.